Rock crusher



T. MASSIE Nov. 1, 1960 ROCK CRUSHER IN VENTOR 2770mm lfiwjz'e M2; ATTORNEYS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 BY W,@@?

Filed Dec. 10, 1958 N V- 1, 1960 T. MASSIE 2,958,473

ROCK CRUSHER Filed Dec. 10, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 T. MASSIE Nov. 1, 1960 ROCK CRUSHER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 10, 1958 INVENTOR Tim/ms M45516 Vim ATTORNEYS ROCK CRUSHER Thomas Massie, Glasgow, Va.

Filed Dec. 10, 1958, S81. No. 779,324

16 Claims. (Cl. 241-108) This invention relates to a breaker or crusher for rock and other hard substances such as cement, brick, tile, slate and other materials both natural and manufactured, in pieces, chunks, blocks, etc.

More particularly this invention relates to a machine designed to crush large quantities of material such as rock with a minimum amount of wear and power requirements.

It is an object of the invention to provide a machine in the form of a plate or impeller disc having a series of accelerator rolls and crusher rolls thereon to act on the stone to be crushed. Another object of the invention resides in a machine to crush stone utilizing three positive crushing actions to reduce the material in which the first crushing action is impact, accomplished by accelerating the material to a very high velocity and throwing or projecting it radiatlly against a breaker plate. The second action is a deflecting or batting action which is accomplished by forcing a breaker plate into the path of the stream of moving material. The third action is one applying pressure to the material by rolling it with a roller against a breaker plate. The material will be subjected to a series of crushing actions as the material passes from one roller to another.

A still further object of the invention is to crush rock and stone material by centrifugal force with such force acting to impinge the rock against the accelerator rolls from one to the other and finally to be acted on by the "breakenplates around the periphery of the revolvingdisc.

Another object of the invention resides in the structure of a plurality of breaker plates each of which is 'companying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a rock crusher according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the crusher of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a top plan view of a detail showing the rock as it is crushed,

"Figure '4is aperspective view of abreaker'plate,

Figure 5 is a top plan view of a modified crusher machine,

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the breaker disc,

Figure The topplan view of a furthermodified crusher machine, and

Figure 8 is a vertical cross section of a modified drive for the crusher and accelerator rolls.

The machine according to this invention is intended to crush large quantities of rock material efficiently and with a minimum of time and power requirements. The machine is constructed of steel and consists of two major groups of which one is the base group and the other is. the impeller group.

The base structure includes a preferably cylindrical standard frame 2 of steel and on the top thereof there is secured a heavy steel ring 1 which is-a crushing ring having a plurality of internal recesses 3. Each recess has a breaker plate 4 pivotally mounted in the ring at 5, which latter is a pin or bolt. Figure=4 shows a breaker plate 4 with its pin or pivot'S and it will be noted thm each plate 4 is substantially crescent-shaped in cross section having along pointed edge 6 at one end and a shorter or blunt edge 7 at the other end. These breaker plates 4 are arranged concentrically around the internal peripheral surface of the ring 1 in practically contacting and almost overlapping relationship, as seen in Figure 2.

An impeller disc 8 is mounted to rotate on a shaft 9 by means of suitable bearing supports as, for example, plate 10 with the bearing 11. A pluralityof pulleys 12 are secured or keyed on the lower end of theshaft' 9 and by means of belts 13, the shaft 9 is driven by an'electric motor 14 by means of drive pulleys 15. The motor 14- 'is suitably supported on the frame 2 as for example by means ofsupporting stay rods 16 secured to the motor 14 at 17. Below the frame 2 there may be provided a conveyor belt' 17' so that the crushed rock may be conveyed from the machine as the rock falls down from the disc 8 after crushing.

Referring to Figure 2 the top of the disc S'Which is adapted to be rotated in the direction of the arrows, is provided with a plurality of rows 18.013 hammers or rock treatment elements in the form of wheels and crushers radiating from a center feed plate 19 which is preferably frusto-conical in shape to guide and throw the rock chunks radially into the path of the hammers. Referring now to one row 18 there is provided a pairiof roller accelerators and crushers Ztl'which may bedrivenin the direction'of the arrows or which may be freely rotatable. "Finally at the outer end of each rowllS, there is providedfinal crusher roller 21 whi'chis mounted on a pin 22 and is spring pressed by means of a coil compression spring 23. The rollers 21 cooperate with the" breaker 'plates 4 as will be explained in the operation of the machine.

Figure 3 illustrates a portion of themachine including a chute 24 by means of which the rock chunks are fed onto the impeller wheel or disc "8 on the latter of which a row of breaker rolls are shown as rolls or crushers 2i and 21. The roller 21 cooperates with the breaker plates 4 mounted in the ring 1 and as shown the rock chunks are broken into small pieces between the roller 21 and the plate 4.

Figures 5 and 7 show three rows24' of crushing tools asthe rolls or crushers 2!) and 21, the crushers 21 cooperatingwith the breaker plates 4 mounted in the outer ring frame 1. On the discs 8 of Figures 5 and 7 there are pro- .mounted on a cylindrical drive shaft 32. The shaft 32 is concentrically mounted around the drive shaft 33 for the disc 8. As shown the disc 8 is surrounded by a ring 34 with breaker plates as shown in Figure 2.

The machine operates as follows:

The crushing principle is to accelerate the rock material radially with the impellers to a very high velocity and shatter the rock against the breaker rollers 20. The shattered rock is further crushedbya-following roll 21 which rolls it against the breaker plates4.

The material 33, Fig. 3, is fed onto the rotating center feed plate plate 19 which is rotated along with the impeller disc 8 at a high speed. The centrifugal force acts on the rock material and drags it onto and against the first crusher roller 20. The centrifugal force increases as the speed of the material increases and this force causes the first roll to turn on its sealed bearing and shaft which is secured on the impeller disc. This turning motion reduces the friction involved and adds to the radial acceleration. As the roller 20 turns, the material is forced into a greater circumferential path and thus a greater acceleration. This inner roller 20 passes or forces the material to the outer roller 20 and on impact with this roller there is a further crushing effect. This roller 20 is also rotated by the resulting force of the material path and again a greater acceleration and a greater centrifugal force is induced onto the rock material. This outer second roller 20 passes the material to the third roller 21 and the impact with this roller causes another cleavage or breakage of the rock material. This last roller 21 gives the rock material its final acceleration and throws it into and against the breaker plates 4. The impact of the material causes a crushing and shattering in front of the last roller 21 and the centrifugal force has forced the roller 21 to a predetermined distance from the breaker plates 4. The centrifugal force has added thousands of pounds force to this roller 21 and as this crusher roller 21 rolls over the toe 6 of the breaker plate 4, it pivots the curved plate 4 into the path of the high velocity material, thus increasing the initial impact. As the crusher roller 21 moves over the curved surface 34 of the breaker plates 4 towards the edge 7 of the plate it rolls over the shattered material by impact and crushes it again by exerting thousands of pounds pressure added to the centrifugal force imparted by the roller 21 on the rock material. As the roller 21 moves to the head 7 of the breaker plate 4 it forces the head 7 against the edge 6 of the adjacent plate. This action between the edges 6 and 7 will result in a crushing action to any material between them. As the edge 6 of each plate 4 is depressed the latter pivots the edge 7 and the rest of the plate perpendicular to the path of the moving material thrown by the impeller 8 and the crushing cycle is repeated.

All of the wearing parts of the machine will be made of a very hard wear resistant metal such as steel. The breaker plates 4 are designed so that at all times there is a perpendicular surface to the path of the rock material so that maximum crushing effect can be obtained. These plates 4 are easily replaced when worn and the rollers 20 and 21 will have either a plain wearing surface or a corrugated or rough urface depending upon the nature of the material to be crushed. These rollers 20 and 21 will be mounted on the impeller by using steel shafts and sealed bearings. The outside roller 21 Will be mounted on the impeller disc so that it will allow the centrifugal force to pull it outward towards the breaker plates 4. This movement is controlled by the means of the springs 23 and control bolt 35. The metal in front of these rollers will be removable wear resistant plates. The impeller plate 8 itself will be a disc of a certain diameter to obtain the desired acceleration at a range of known revolutions per minute and this impeller will be attached to a shaft in a conven tional manner for the power transfer.

The crushing ring 1 will be contructed of metal such as steel, strong enough to withstand the shock of the material and the rollers 20 and 21 and the frame will also be of steel construction.

The machine according to this invention is made of very hard metal such as steel and the hardest steel metal parts are those which come in direct contact with the material to be crushed. The machine utilizes three positive crushing actions to reduce the material to the desired size. The first crushing action may be referred to as impact reduction and it is accomplished by accelerating the material to an extremely high velocity and throwing it against the breaker plates. The second action may be defined as a batting action and this is accomplished by forcing the breaker plates into the stream of moving material. The third action involves applying pressure on the material by rolling it with a roller against one of the breaker plates. Thus throughout the machine the material will undergo crushing actions as it passes from one roller to another in a somewhat radial and circumferential path with continuous increasing acceleration from the center of the machine to the periphery thereof.

It is of course obvious that any number of radial rows 18 of rollers may be used and also the diameter of the machine may be suitably selected as desired and dependent upon the output of the machine. The roller rows, such as 18, shown in Fig. 2, may comprise any number of such roller rows and the pattern or arrangements of these rolls on the disc may vary. One row of rolls may be slightly behind the rolls in the preceding circumference or rollers and further the rolls may be arranged in circular or circumferential paths on the disc.

In the operation of the crusher of Fig. 8 the mode of such operation is such that the power to turn the crusher and accelerator rolls is derived from the shafts and gears as shown in Fig. 8. In the crusher of Figs. 1 to 7 the power to rotate the rolls is derived from the rock or material to be and in the process of crushing.

As to the range of speed for the impeller disc, this will vary according to the size and design of the machine and as an example 800 revolutions per minute as a preferred speed. As a range of speed of the disc this could constitute from rpm. to 1000 rpm.

The crushing forces at a speed of 800 rpm. may be calculated by taking into consideration the r.p.m., the diameter of the impeller, the weight of the crusher roll and the weight of the stone or material to be crushed. Thus the energy developed by the speeding stone may be determined as well as the force developed by the roll crusher and these two forces are the primary crushing forces.

1 claim as my invention:

1. A machine for crushing rock comprising a supporting frame, a disc rotatably mounted on the frame, a ring member mounted on the frame and provided in spaced relation from the periphery of the disc, a center feed plate mounted on the plate, a plurality of rows of treatment elements in the form of rollers with the rows radially mounted on the disc to be freely rotatable thereon with an outer roller of each row being larger than the other rollers of its row, a plurality of breaker plates pivotally mounted on the internal peripheral surface of the ring member, and means for feeding rock to be crushed in chunks onto the center feed plate so that upon rotation of the disc the rock chunks will be impacted and split by the rows of treatment elements and finally to be subjected to a crushing action between the outer rollers and the breaker plates.

2. A machine for crushing rock comprising a supporting frame, a disc rotatably mounted on the frame, a ring member mounted on the frame and provided in spaced relation from the periphery of the disc, a center feed plate mounted on the plate, a plurality of rows of treatment elements in the form of rollers with the rows radially mounted on the disc to be freely rotatable thereon with an outer roller of each row being larger than the other rollers of its row, a plurality of breaker plates pivotally mounted on the internal peripheral surface of the ring member, means for feeding rock to be crushed in chunks onto the center feed plate so that upon rotation of the disc the rock chunks will be impacted and split by the rows of treatment elements and finally to be subjected to a crushing action between the outer rollers and the breaker plates, and a disc roll rotatably mounted adjacent each treatment roller and having rotary axes at right angles to each other.

3. A machine for crushing rock and like materials comprising a supporting frame, an impeller wheel rotatably mounted in the frame, means to feed the material to be crushed onto the impeller wheel at the center thereof, and a plurality of rolls mounted in radial rows on the disc to contact the material with impact crushing action increasing in force and speed as the material is struck by the rolls from those adjacent the center to the periphery of the disc.

4. A machine for crushing rock and like materials comprising a supporting frame, an impeller wheel rotatably mounted in the frame, means to feed the material to be crushed onto the impeller wheel at the center thereof, a plurality of rolls mounted in radial rows on the disc to contact the material with impact crushing action increasing in force and speed as the material is struck by the rolls from those adjacent the center to the periphery of the disc, and a ring member provided around the disc in spaced relation and having a plurality of breaker plates mounted circumferentially one adjacent the other and cooperating with one roll of each radial row to provide a final crushing of the material.

5. A machine for crushing rock and like materials comprising a supporting frame, an impeller wheel rotatably mounted in the frame, means to feed the material to be crushed onto the impeller wheel at the center thereof, a plurality of rolls mounted in radial rows on the disc to contact the material with impact crushing action increasing in force and speed as the material is struck by the rolls from those adjacent the center to the periphery of the disc, and a ring member provided around the disc in spaced relation and having a plurality of breaker plates mounted circumferentially one adjacent the other and cooperating with one roll of each radial row to provide a final crushing of the material, each breaker plate having a concave surface with edges at each end to act on the material to be crushed.

6. A machine for crushing rock and like materials comprising a supporting frame, an impeller wheel rotatably mounted in the frame, means to feed the material to be crushed onto the impeller wheel at the center thereof, a plurality of rolls mounted in radial rows on the disc to contact the material with impact crushing action increasing in force and speed as the material is struck by the rolls from those adjacent the center to the periphcry of the disc, and a ring member provided around the disc in spaced relation and having a plurality of breaker plates mounted circumferentially one adjacent the other and cooperating with one roll of each radial row to provide a final crushing of the material, each breaker plate having a pin to pivotally mount the plate in the ring member to provide limited rotary movement to the plate.

7. A machine for crushing materials comprising a rotatably mounted disc, a plurality of rolls mounted on the disc, means to feed the material to be crushed on the disc at the center thereof with the rolls accelerating the material from the center to the peripheral edge of the disc with the rolls crushing the material as the disc rotates at high spaced, and a plurality of breaker plates mounted adjacent the disc spaced from the periphery thereof with the material receiving a final crushing by contact with curved surfaces on the breaker plates.

8. A machine for crushing materials comprising a rotatably mounted disc, a plurality of rolls mounted in radial rows on the disc, means to feed the material to be crushed onto the disc at the center thereof with the rOlls accelerating the material from the center to the peripheral edge of the disc, and a ring member mounted around the disc in spaced relation therefrom and having a plurality of breaker plates pivotally mounted in the ring member, said rolls breaking and accelerating the material with a final crushing between the breaker plates and the outermost roll of each row of rolls.

9. A machine according to claim 8, in which each breaker plate is provided with a concave surface to co operate with the outermost roll of each row.

10. A machine according to claim 8, in which each breaker plate has end edges so that adjacent plates will be actuated by contact.

11. A machine for crushing materials, a rotatably mounted disc, a plurality of vertically mounted rolls secured on the disc, a plurality of horizontally mounted rolls secured on the disc, and means surrounding the disc and having a plurality of breaker plates to provide a final crushing action to the material.

12. A machine according to claim 11, in which the rolls are mounted in spaced radial rows.

13. A machine according to claim 11, in which the horizontally mounted rolls are each partially embedded below the top surface of the disc.

14. A machine according to claim 11, in which means are provided to drive the vertically and horizontally mounted rolls.

15. A machine according to claim 11, in which a shaft is provided to rotate the disc and in which a cylindrical shaft is provided to drive the rolls with the two shafts being coaxial with each other.

16. A machine according to claim 11, in which a shaft is provided to rotate the disc and in which a cylindrical shaft is provided to drive the rolls with the two shafts being coaxial with each other and the cylindrical shaft being on the outside of the first-mentioned shaft.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 876,765 Besser Jan. 14, 1908 980,587 Besser Jan. 3, 1911 1,431,444 De Coursey Oct. 10, 1922 1,526,618 Wickland Feb. 17, 1925 

